Nomenclature ntawm cawv

Kev cai nomenclature
Cov dej cawv yooj yim feem ntau siv cov npe nomenclature, uas yog, ntxiv "cawv" rau lub npe ntawm pawg hydrocarbon txuas nrog pawg hydroxyl, xws li: methanol, ethanol, propanol, thiab lwm yam.
Systematic nomenclature
Systematic nomenclature yog siv rau cawv nrog cov qauv complex.
Lub npe ntawm cov dej cawv saturated xaiv cov roj carbon ntev tshaj plaws uas muaj cov pab pawg hydroxyl ua cov saw tseem ceeb, suav los ntawm qhov kawg ze rau pawg hydroxyl, thiab hu ua "ib qho cawv" raws li cov pa roj carbon atoms muaj nyob hauv cov saw tseem ceeb.
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov dej cawv tsis txaus ntseeg yog xaiv cov roj carbon ntev tshaj plaws uas muaj cov pab pawg hydroxyl thiab unsaturated daim ntawv cog lus raws li cov saw tseem ceeb, pib los ntawm qhov kawg ze tshaj plaws rau pawg hydroxyl. Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms ntawm cov saw tseem ceeb, nws yog hu ua "enol" lossis "acetylenol", thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm pawg hydroxyl yog qhia los ntawm tus lej Arabic, uas tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lo lus cawv. Tus lej qhia txog txoj haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv cog lus unsaturated yog muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ntawm ene lossis alkyne lo lus, kom lub npe ntawm niam txiv pab pawg tau txais, thiab lub npe thiab txoj haujlwm ntawm cov khoom hloov pauv tau ntxiv rau lub npe ntawm niam txiv pawg.
Lub npe ntawm polyols xaiv ntau cov roj carbon chains uas muaj -OH raws li qhov ua tau raws li cov saw tseem ceeb, cov naj npawb ntawm cov pab pawg hydroxyl tau sau ua ntej ntawm cov lus cawv, thiab txoj hauj lwm ntawm pawg hydroxyl.