Acids paub txog dab tsi?
Acids yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm chemistry thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau yam ntawm peb lub neej niaj hnub. Cov tebchaw no, paub txog lawv cov khoom tshwj xeeb, tau raug kev kawm dav thiab tshawb nrhiav txij li lub sijhawm qub. Kab lus no yog tsim los muab kev nkag siab tob txog cov kua qaub, lawv cov yam ntxwv, hom, siv, thiab cuam tshuam rau ntau yam khoom thiab cov kab mob nyob.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Acids
Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kua qaub yog lawv lub peev xwm pub dawb protons, tseem hu ua hydrogen ions (H +). Acids ua tiav qhov no los ntawm kev sib cais hauv dej, tso H + ions. Qhov yooj yim dua cov kua qaub pub H + ions, qhov muaj zog nws raug txiav txim siab. Acids feem ntau saj qaub thiab muaj corrosive xwm. Ntxiv mus, cov kua qaub muaj pH qis dua 7 thaum yaj hauv dej, nrog cov pH qis dua qhia tias muaj zog acidic zog.
Hom Acids
Acids tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg: inorganic acids thiab organic acids.
Inorganic Acids:
- Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): Cov kua qaub muaj zog no tau paub dav dav rau nws qhov muaj nyob hauv cov kua qaub ntawm tib neeg lub plab, pab kev zom zaub mov. Nws kuj yog feem ntau siv hauv kev sim hauv chav kuaj.
- Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4): suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov kua qaub uas muaj zog tshaj plaws, sulfuric acid pom cov ntawv thov hauv ntau yam lag luam xws li kev tsim cov chiv, dyes, thiab detergents.
- Nitric Acid (HNO3): Qhov no corrosive acid heev yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov chiv, explosives, thiab ntau yam tshuaj.
Organic Acids:
- Citric Acid: Pom muaj nyob rau hauv citrus txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo li txiv qaub thiab txiv kab ntxwv, citric acid yog dav siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev tsw hauv zaub mov thiab dej haus.
- Acetic Acid: Feem ntau hu ua vinegar, acetic acid yog siv rau hauv kev ua noj, khaws cia zaub mov, thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm ntau yam khoom xws li cov kuab tshuaj, dyes, thiab plastics.
- Lactic Acid: Cov organic acid no yog tsim thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm hnyav thaum cov leeg xav tau lub zog ntxiv. Nws kuj tseem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshuaj, thiab khoom noj khoom haus additives.
Cov khoom thiab cov teebmeem ntawm cov kua qaub