Taw qhia
Chlorinated cov kuab tshuaj yog ib hom organic hnyav uas muaj chlorine atoms. Lawv tau siv dav hauv ntau cov txheej txheem kev lag luam thiab tuaj yeem pom hauv ntau cov khoom siv. Hauv kab lus no, peb yuav saib cov kuab tshuaj chlorinated kom ntxaws thiab sib tham txog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj li no.
Cov kuab tshuaj chlorinated yog dab tsi?
Chlorinated cov kuab tshuaj yog ib hom organic hnyav uas muaj ib los yog ntau tshaj chlorine atoms nyob rau hauv lawv cov qauv molecular. Lawv tau siv dav hauv ntau cov txheej txheem kev lag luam, suav nrog hlau degreasing, ntxuav kom qhuav, thiab ua cov kuab tshuaj rau cov xim, cov nplaum thiab cov coatings. Cov kuab tshuaj chlorinated kuj tau siv los ua cov tshuaj ntxuav hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, vim tias lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tshem tawm cov kab mob ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Vim li cas chlorinated cov kuab tshuaj siv tau?
Chlorinated cov kuab tshuaj yog nyiam dua lwm hom kuab tshuaj rau ntau yam. Ua ntej, lawv muaj lub zog hnyav hnyav, uas txhais tau hais tias lawv muaj peev xwm yaj tau ntau yam khoom. Lawv kuj tseem pheej yig thiab yooj yim muaj, ua rau lawv muaj kev xaiv nrov rau cov txheej txheem kev lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, chlorinated cov kuab tshuaj muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo, tso cai rau lawv siv rau lub sijhawm ntev yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj lossis tawg.
Kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig ntawm chlorinated cov kuab tshuaj
Txawm hais tias lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev lag luam, chlorinated cov kuab tshuaj tau pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig. Thaum tso tawm rau hauv cov huab cua, lawv tuaj yeem pab tsim cov av-qib ozone, uas yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm smog. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kuab tshuaj chlorinated tau pom tias muaj tshuaj lom rau cov kab mob hauv dej thiab av, thiab tuaj yeem ua rau bioaccumulate hauv cov khoom noj.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm chlorinated hnyav yog dab tsi?
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm chlorinated hnyav yog trichlorethylene (TCE). TCE yog cov kua ntshiab, tsis muaj xim nrog cov ntxhiab tsw qab. Nws yog ib qho zoo heev degreaser thiab tu tus neeg saib xyuas, thiab feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam hlau. TCE kuj tseem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab ua cov tshuaj ntxuav kom qhuav.
Kev noj qab haus huv cuam tshuam ntawm trichlorethylene
Thaum trichlorethylene yog ib qho hnyav hnyav rau cov txheej txheem kev lag luam, nws tau pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Kev cuam tshuam rau TCE siab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, suav nrog kev puas tsuaj rau daim siab, ob lub raum thiab hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, TCE tau raug cais raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm tib neeg carcinogen los ntawm International Agency for Research on Cancer.
Kev cai ntawm trichlorethylene
Hauv kev teb rau qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm trichloroethylene, cov koom haum tswj hwm tau ua cov kauj ruam los txwv nws txoj kev siv thiab raug. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib Cheeb Tsam (EPA) tau teeb tsa cov kab mob siab tshaj plaws ntawm 5 feem ntawm ib billion rau TCE hauv cov dej haus. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv TCE ua tus neeg saib xyuas kev tu hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog tswj hwm los ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (OSHA), uas tau teeb tsa kev tso cai raug txwv ntawm 100 feem ntawm ib lab.
Lwm txoj hauv kev rau trichlorethylene
Hauv kev teb rau kev txhawj xeeb txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig cuam tshuam ntawm TCE, ntau lub lag luam tau nrhiav lwm cov kuab tshuaj. Qee qhov kev xaiv nrov tshaj plaws suav nrog cov kuab tshuaj hydrocarbon, xws li d-limonene thiab naphtha, thiab cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj halogen, xws li cawv thiab glycol ethers.
Xaus
Chlorinated cov kuab tshuaj yog ib hom siv dav siv cov kuab tshuaj organic uas muaj chlorine atoms. Thaum lawv ua haujlwm zoo hauv ntau cov txheej txheem kev lag luam, lawv tau pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj chlorinated yog trichloroethylene, uas tau pom tias yog tib neeg cov kab mob carcinogen thiab tau tswj hwm los ntawm tsoomfwv cov koomhaum. Lwm txoj hauv kev rau trichloroethylene, xws li hydrocarbon thiab cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj halogen, tau dhau los siv ntau dua los teb rau kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov tsis zoo ntawm TCE.