Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrogen hauv cawv hydroxyl pawg

Vim hais tias cov hydrogen nyob rau hauv cov dej cawv hydroxyl pawg muaj ib tug tej yam kev ua si, cov cawv muaj peev xwm hnov ​​mob nrog sodium hlau, rhuav lub hydrogen thiab oxygen daim ntawv cog lus, tsim sodium cawv thiab tso hydrogen.
Txij li thaum dej yog acidic ntau dua li cawv nyob rau hauv cov kua theem, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cawv nrog sodium hlau tsis muaj zog npaum li cov dej thiab sodium hlau. Yog tias sodium cawv ntxiv rau hauv dej, nws yuav raug hydrolyzed tag nrho los ua cawv thiab sodium hydroxide. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim khoom ntawm sodium methanol lossis sodium ethanolis tseem los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cawv nrog sodium hydroxide, thiab tom qab ntawd tswj kom tshem tawm cov dej, kom qhov sib npaug yog nyob rau hauv kev pom zoo ntawm sodium cawv. Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws yog siv qhov tsim ntawm azeotrope kom hloov dej tawm ntawm qhov sib npaug. Boiling complex yog hais txog ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ua kua sib xyaw ua ke, vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub zog, lawv tsis tuaj yeem sib cais hauv cov txheej txheem distillation vim tias tib qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov roj theem thiab cov kua theem, kom tau txais qhov kub siab tshaj plaws (qis dua. tshaj qhov boiling point ntawm tag nrho cov Cheebtsam) los yog lub siab tshaj plaws boiling point (siab tshaj lub boiling point ntawm tag nrho cov Cheebtsam) ntawm distillate. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov distillates yog tib yam li cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj, kom txog rau thaum lub boiling point yog tas li, xws li ethanol - benzene - dej muaj li ntawm ternary azeotrope, nws boiling point yog 64.9 degree (ethanol 18.5 feem pua, benzene 74 feem pua, dej. 7.5 feem pua), benzene - ethanol muaj li ntawm binary azeotrope, nws boiling point yog 68.3 degree (ethanol 32.4 feem pua, benzene 67.6 feem pua). Txij li thaum ethanol-dej tsim ib qho azeotrope, nws cov ntsiab lus kub yog 78 degree (ethanol 95.57 feem pua ​​​​, dej 4.43 feem pua), yog li ethanol muaj cov dej me me tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm txoj kev distillation, nws tuaj yeem suav tau ntxiv me ntsis benzene ntau dhau. tshaj li qhov tsim ntawm ethanol-benzene-dej ternary azeotrope, thawj zaug tshem tawm cov dej, thiab tom qab ntawd tshaj benzene thiab ethanol tsim ib binary azeotrope tshem tawm. Tus so yog anhydrous ethanol. Cov dej cawv daws ntawm sodium cawv tuaj yeem tau los ntawm txoj kev dewatering saum toj no. Sodium cawv thiab nws cov analogues yog cov reagents tseem ceeb hauv cov organic synthesis thiab feem ntau siv los ua cov hauv paus.