Lub acidity thiab alkalinity ntawm cawv

Cov pa oxygen ntawm pawg neeg haus dej cawv hydroxyl muaj ob leeg ib leeg ntawm cov hluav taws xob, thiab cov pa oxygen tuaj yeem siv ob leeg ntawm cov hluav taws xob los ua ke nrog cov proton. Yog li cawv yog qhov yooj yim. Hauv pawg cawv hydroxyl, txij li cov electronegativity ntawm oxygen ntau dua li ntawm hydrogen, cov electron khub sib koom los ntawm oxygen thiab hydrogen yog biased rau oxygen, thiab hydrogen qhia txog qee yam kev ua, yog li cawv kuj yog acidic. Lub acidity thiab alkalinity ntawm cawv muaj feem xyuam rau cov nyhuv electron ntawm hydrocarbon pawg txuas nrog oxygen. Qhov muaj zog ntawm electron nqus peev xwm ntawm hydrocarbon pawg, qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm alkalinity ntawm cawv thiab muaj zog acidity. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov muaj zog ntawm cov hluav taws xob muab hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ntawm pawg hydrocarbon, qhov muaj zog alkalinity thiab qaug zog acidity ntawm cawv. Lub steric hindrance ntawm hydrocarbon pawg kuj cuam tshuam cov acidity thiab alkalinity ntawm cawv, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los soj ntsuam cov nyhuv hluav taws xob thiab steric hindrance nyhuv ntawm pawg hydrocarbon.