Lub Xeev Ntawm Alkane

Lub cev lub cev ntawm alkane hloov tsis tu ncua nrog kev nce ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv cov molecule.
Ntawm chav tsev kub 25 degree, alkanes uas muaj 1 txog 4 carbon atoms yog gases.
Alkanes muaj 5 txog 16 carbon atoms yog kua. Txawm li cas los xij, alkanes uas muaj 10 txog 19 carbon atoms tuaj yeem ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Cov n-alkanes uas muaj ntau tshaj 18 carbon atoms yog cov khoom, tab sis kom txog rau thaum n-alkanes muaj 60 carbon atoms (melting point 99 degree), lub melting point tsis tshaj 100 degree. Alkanes yog non-polar molecules, dipole lub sij hawm (dipole lub sij hawm) yog xoom, tab sis kev faib ntawm hluav taws xob nqi nyob rau hauv lub molecule yog tsis heev sib xws, yuav ua tau instantaneous dipole lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub zog, instantaneous dipole lub sij hawm ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam quab yuam (dispersion force) , ntxiv rau cov molecule muaj zog induction zog heev. Lub zog ntawm cov molecules no yog ib lossis ob qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj me dua li cov khoom siv tshuaj, thiab lub zog yuav tsum tau kov yeej cov rog no kuj tsawg, yog li lub melting point thiab boiling point ntawm cov organic compounds tsis tshua muaj ntau tshaj 300 degree C.